在城市扩张的过程中，政府的征地政策与工作方法之间的不一致性损害了部分失地农民的直接利益，由此引发失地农民的抵抗。本文归纳了五种不同类型的失地农民，其争抗的原因既来自绝对剥夺感也来自相对剥夺感。前者指的是他们意识到自己所得的补偿款远低于上级政府规定的数额；而后者指的是他们意识到不同村庄、甚至同一村庄内部的农民所得收益有巨大差异。失地农民的争抗目标是维护自身权益。

In the process of urban extension, the inconsistency of the government’s land expropriation policies and working methods has damaged the immediate interests of some land-lost farmers. The land-lost farmers strive against such damages. This analysis generalises five types of land-lost farmers, among whom the “elites of resistance” play a key role. Reasons for the resistance of land-lost farmers include an absolute feeling of deprivation when they realise that the compensation they have gained is far below what was regulated by higher authorities; and a relative feeling of deprivation when, after comparison, they learn that the benefits gained by farmers of different villages and even within the same village have great discrepancies. The forms of their resistance include “appeals” and “sit-ins”, with their resistance typically based on documents issued from higher authorities. Their resistance serves to safeguard farmers’ rights and interests.